Some verbs are usually followed by prepositions before the object of the verb. These are called dependent prepositions and they are followed by a noun or a gerund (‘ing’ form).
He’s waiting for a bus.
For is the dependent preposition for ‘wait’
We can use other prepositions with ‘wait’ – e.g. He waited at the bus stop – but ‘for’ is the dependent preposition.
Here are some other verbs with their dependent prepositions.
Verbs with ‘for’
He apologised for being late. You can also ‘apologise to someone’
I applied for the job but I didn’t get it.
How do you ask for a coffee in Polish?
She spent many years caring for her aged parents.
I can’t go out tonight because I have to prepare for my interview tomorrow.
Verbs with ‘from’
This spray should protect you from mosquitoes.
Has he recovered from his illness yet?
He won an award because he saved someone from drowning.
I suffer from hay fever.
Verbs with ‘in’
She believes in ghosts.
Our company specializes in computer software.
You have to work hard if you want to succeed in life.
Verbs with ‘of’
I don’t approve of your language, young man.
Our dog died of old age.
This shampoo smells of bananas.
Verbs with ‘on’
The film is based on the novel by Boris Pasternak.
If you make so much noise I can’t concentrate on my work.
Come on! We’re relying on you!
We don’t agree on anything but we’re good friends.
Verbs with ‘to’
Can I introduce you to my wife?
Please refer to the notes at the end for more information.
Nobody responded to my complaint.
Verbs with ‘with’
I agree with everything you’ve said.
My secretary will provide you with more information if you need it.
There are many more verb + dependent preposition combinations – can you think of any?
If you have any questions or doubts, please ask in the comments or send me a private message.
In English, as in most other languages, there are ways to shorten groups of words that commonly go together. We don’t do this in writing, just when we speak. They are called informal or spoken contractions.
Here are some examples:
I’ve got to go soon – I’ve gotta go soon.
I’m going to play tennis – I’m gonna play tennis.
I need to talk to you – I needa talk to you.
I want to say something – I wanna say something.
I have to leave early – I hafta leave early.
He has to leave early, too – He hasta leave early, too.
I had to do it – I hadda do it.
Can you give me a ride? – Can you gimme a ride?
Let me in, I forgot my key – Lemme in, I forgot my key.
The movie was kind of sad – The movie was kinda sad.
Let’s get out of here – Let’s get outta here.
I’d love a cup of coffee I’d love a cuppa coffee.
Tell them what you told me – Tellem what you told me.
I don’t know – I Dunno
I sort of wish I hadn’t gone -I sorta wish I hadn’t gone.
Some nouns are UNCOUNTABLE. That means that they don’t have a plural form and cannot be used with an indefinite article. The most common uncountable nouns are liquids, but there are others too. So, how do we quantify an uncountable noun? We give it a unit!
MILK – a glass or milk, a bottle of milk, a carton of milk, but never a milk*.
WATER – a glass of water, a pitcher of water, but never a water*.
TEA – a packet ot tea, a cup of tea, a pot of tea, but never a tea*.
BREAD – a slice of bread, a loaf of bread, but never a bread.
*NOTE: There are time when you can order something in a restaurant without a unit, but in those cases the unit is understood without being spoken. Look at this example:
“We’d like a tea and a coffee please.”
It would be understood that you are ordering a cup of tea and a cup of coffee.
If you have any questions or doubts, please ask in the comments or send me a private message.
The words in this image can be adjectives, pronouns, or determiners.
FEW vs. A FEW Few is a quantifier used with plural countable nouns. Without the article “a,” few emphasizes a small number of something. Adding the article removes the emphasis—a few means some.
FEWER Fewer is a comparative adjective. It is only used with countable nouns and means a smaller quantity (number).
LITTLE vs. A LITTLE The same rule applies to little, which is used with singular uncountable nouns. Without the article “a,” little emphasizes a small quantity of something. Adding the article removes the emphasis—a little means some.
EACH vs. EVERY Each and every are commonly confused. Each is a way to emphasize the individual people or things in a pair or group. We can use eachin affirmative sentences, negative sentences, and questions. Each can only be used with countable nouns. When it precedes a subject noun, the noun is singular and it takes a singular verb. Every is a way to emphasize all the members of a group. We can use every in affirmative sentences, negative sentences, and questions. Every can only be used with count nouns. When it precedes a subject noun, the noun is singular and it takes a singular verb. This is very confusing to students because the meaning is always plural (every always means more than one).
FARTHER Farther is only used for distance. It’s a comparative adjective so it’s used to compare the distance remaining to the distance already traveled, or when comparing the distances of to different places from one point.
If you have any questions or doubts, please ask in the comments or send me a private message.
When we want to know the quantity or amount of something, we use HOW MUCH or HOW MANY.
HOW MANY is used with countable nouns, which are objects or entities that can be counted individually. How many animals are there? How many cars can you see? How many slices of pizza did they order?
HOW MUCH is used with uncountable nouns, which are substances, concepts, or things that we cannot count individually. How much cheese is there? How much water should we drink every day? How much coffee is in the pot?
Key Differences:
Nature of Nouns:
Uncountable Nouns: Use “how much” (e.g., water, time, money).
Countable Nouns: Use “how many” (e.g., apples, people, books).
Determining Plurality:
Use “how much” for things that are measured in quantity or volume (water, time).
Use “how many” for things that are counted in numbers (apples, people).
Remembering this distinction will help you use “how much” and “how many” correctly in questions and statements based on whether the noun is countable or uncountable.
If you have any questions or doubts, please ask in the comments or send me a private message.
We all come from a country – and the name of the country is a porper noun. Our nationality it the adjective form of the noun (and because it’s derived from a proper noun should always begin with a capital letter.
He’s from Spain – he’s Spanish.
She’s from the USA – she’s American.
He’s from the Republic of Ireland – he’s Irish.
She’s from Greece – she’s Greek.
He’s from England (or Scotland or Wales or Northern Ireland) – he’s British.
She’s Polish so she’s from Poland.
He’s German so he’s from Germany.
She’s French so she’s from France
He’s Canadian so he’s from Canada.
She’s Brazilian so she’s from Brazil.
He’s Portuguese so he’s from Portugal.
She’s Dutch so she’s from Holland.
He’s Japanese so he’s from Japan.
She’s Ukranian so she’s from the Ukrane.
He’s Israeli so he’s from Israel.
She’s Australian so she’s from Australia.
He’s Swedish so he’s from Sweden.
She’s Mexican so she’s from Mexico.
He’s Italian so he’s from Italy.
She’s Cuban so she’s from Cuba.
He’s Egyptian so he’s from Egypt.
She’s Chinese so she’s from China.
He’s Hungarian so he’s from Hungary.
She’s Belgian so she’s from Belguim.
He’s Russian so he’s from Russia.
If you have any questions or doubts, please ask in the comments or send me a private message.
The living room is one of the most important spaces in a home. It’s where families gather, guests are entertained, and relaxation happens. Knowing the vocabulary for common living-room furniture can help you describe your space accurately, whether you’re decorating, moving, or simply talking about your home. This post will introduce you to essential living-room furniture vocabulary with clear definitions and examples.
Common Living-Room Furniture
1. Sofa / Couch
Definition: A long, upholstered seat with a back and arms, for two or more people.
Example: “We bought a new sofa that seats three people comfortably.”
2. Armchair
Definition: A comfortable chair with side supports for a person’s arms.
Example: “He likes to read in his favorite armchair by the window.”
3. Coffee Table
Definition: A low table typically placed in front of a sofa for holding drinks, magazines, and decorative items.
Example: “I placed a vase of flowers on the coffee table.”
4. TV Stand / Entertainment Center
Definition: A piece of furniture designed to hold a television and other media equipment.
Example: “The TV stand has shelves for the DVD player and gaming console.”
5. Bookshelf
Definition: A piece of furniture with shelves for storing books and decorative items.
Example: “The bookshelf is filled with novels and family photos.”
6. Side Table / End Table
Definition: A small table placed beside a sofa or armchair, used for holding small items like lamps or drinks.
Example: “I keep a lamp and some magazines on the side table.”
7. Rug / Carpet
Definition: A thick, woven material used to cover floors for warmth and decoration.
Example: “The rug in the living room adds a pop of color to the space.”
8. Recliner
Definition: An armchair that can be tilted backward for reclining and often has a footrest.
Example: “He loves to watch TV in his recliner.”
9. Ottoman
Definition: A padded, upholstered seat without a back or arms, often used as a footrest or extra seating.
Example: “She uses the ottoman as a footrest while reading.”
10. Console Table
Definition: A long, narrow table typically placed against a wall, used for display and storage.
Example: “The console table in the hallway holds our keys and mail.”
Decorative and Functional Items
1. Lamp
Definition: A device for giving light, especially one with a bulb or flame.
Example: “I bought a new lamp for the living room to brighten the corner.”
2. Cushion / Pillow
Definition: A soft bag filled with feathers, foam, or other material, used for comfort or support.
Example: “The cushions on the sofa make it more comfortable.”
3. Blanket / Throw
Definition: A piece of soft material used to cover oneself for warmth or decoration.
Example: “There’s a cozy blanket draped over the back of the sofa.”
4. Curtain / Drapes
Definition: Pieces of fabric hung to cover windows for privacy and light control.
Example: “The curtains in the living room match the color scheme perfectly.”
5. Wall Art / Decor
Definition: Decorative items such as paintings, photographs, and sculptures hung on walls.
Example: “She decorated the living room with wall art she bought on vacation.”
Conclusion
Knowing the names and purposes of common living-room furniture can help you better describe your space and make informed decisions when decorating or purchasing new items. Whether you’re arranging your living room or discussing home decor, these vocabulary words will be invaluable.
Here is come interesting vocabulary for Living Room Furniture.
In this image you can see:
A bench
A side table
A coffee table
A rug
A loveseat (big enough for too people)
An rmchair
A floor lamp
Some art work
Can you think of any more things that you might find in a living room?
If you have any questions or doubts, please ask in the comments or send me a private message.
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