Carlo Armonici

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CONFUSING WORDS: Speak vs. Talk

SPEAK and TALK are almost synonymous and are generally interchangeable except in fixed expressions. Remember that the verb speak tends to be used in more formal or one-sided situations. Unfortunately, there is no simple or easy rule to follow. But there are a number of fixed expressions for both verbs. Always use SPEAK in these …

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GRAMMAR – PHRASAL VERBS with TAKE

Phrasal verbs are special phrases in English made up of a verb (like “take”) and another word (like “off” or “out”). Together, they create a new meaning that might not be obvious from the individual words. They’re really common in English and are used in all kinds of conversations. Learning phrasal verbs helps you understand …

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Conditionals – The THIRD Conditional

What is the third conditional? The Third Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical or unreal situations in the past and their imagined outcomes. It’s commonly used to express regrets, wishes, or events that didn’t happen. Examples: In each case, the situation is impossible to change because it’s already in the past. Forming the Third …

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Conditionals – The SECOND Conditional

What is the Second Conditional? The Second Conditional is a grammatical structure used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or extremely unlikely situations. It allows us to express dreams, wishes, and scenarios that are not based in reality. Structure The Second Conditional follows this structure: Examples: Compare First & Second Conditionals It’s important to distinguish between …

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Conditionals – The FIRST Conditional

What is the first conditional? The First Conditional is used to talk about situations that are likely or possible in the future. It describes a real, specific outcome that will happen if a condition is met. Example Sentences: This conditional structure helps us talk about things that are realistic or likely in the future as …

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Conditionals – The ZERO Conditional

What is the zero conditional? The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, and situations that are always true when the condition is met. This conditional helps us discuss facts that remain the same, regardless of time. Example Sentences: The outcomes are universally true in these cases, making the Zero Conditional …

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Commonly Confused Words

There are a lot of words in English that look or sound the same but have very different meanings, such as accept and except or affect and effect. Here’s a quick-reference list of pairs of words that sometimes cause people problems. Word 1 Meaning Word 2 Meaning accept agree to receive or do; believe except …

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Infinitives

Infinitives in English are the base form of a verb, often preceded by the word “to” (e.g., to eat, to run). They can serve several functions in a sentence: 1. As a Subject: 2. As a Direct Object: 3. As a Subject Complement: 4. As an Adjective: 5. As an Adverb: 6. As Part of …

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GRAMMAR – HEAR & LISTEN

One of the most common questions English learners ask is: “What is the difference between ‘hear’ and ‘listen’?” These two verbs may seem similar, but they are used in different ways and convey distinct meanings. Let’s dive into the nuances of these two words to help you use them confidently in your conversations. Hear We …

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Mastering the Differences: Below, Beneath, Underneath, and Under

The English language often offers several words to convey similar meanings, each with subtle distinctions that can add depth to our communication. Words like below, beneath, underneath, and under all suggest a lower position, but each carries its unique nuance. In this post, we’ll explore these differences with clear definitions, examples, and usage tips. 1. …

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