Carlo Armonici

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CONFUSING WORDS: Speak vs. Talk

SPEAK and TALK are almost synonymous and are generally interchangeable except in fixed expressions. Remember that the verb speak tends to be used in more formal or one-sided situations. Unfortunately, there is no simple or easy rule to follow. But there are a number of fixed expressions for both verbs. Always use SPEAK in these …

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GRAMMAR – PHRASAL VERBS with TAKE

Phrasal verbs are special phrases in English made up of a verb (like “take”) and another word (like “off” or “out”). Together, they create a new meaning that might not be obvious from the individual words. They’re really common in English and are used in all kinds of conversations. Learning phrasal verbs helps you understand …

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GRAMMAR – Modal Verbs

What Are Modal Verbs? Modal verbs are auxiliary (helping) verbs that express possibility, necessity, ability, permission, and other attitudes toward the action of the main verb. Unlike regular verbs, modal verbs do not change form based on the subject (e.g., “I can,” “he can”). They are always followed by the base form of the main …

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GRAMMAR – MAYBE vs MAY BE

MAYBE vs MAY BE Even though the two words contain the same letters, the space between those letters makes a difference because maybe is an adverb while may be is a verb. As such, their definitions are different and one can never be used in the place of the other. Look: MAY BE (Verb Phrase) …

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Conditionals – The THIRD Conditional

What is the third conditional? The Third Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical or unreal situations in the past and their imagined outcomes. It’s commonly used to express regrets, wishes, or events that didn’t happen. Examples: In each case, the situation is impossible to change because it’s already in the past. Forming the Third …

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Conditionals – The SECOND Conditional

What is the Second Conditional? The Second Conditional is a grammatical structure used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or extremely unlikely situations. It allows us to express dreams, wishes, and scenarios that are not based in reality. Structure The Second Conditional follows this structure: Examples: Compare First & Second Conditionals It’s important to distinguish between …

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Conditionals – The FIRST Conditional

What is the first conditional? The First Conditional is used to talk about situations that are likely or possible in the future. It describes a real, specific outcome that will happen if a condition is met. Example Sentences: This conditional structure helps us talk about things that are realistic or likely in the future as …

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Conditionals – The ZERO Conditional

What is the zero conditional? The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, and situations that are always true when the condition is met. This conditional helps us discuss facts that remain the same, regardless of time. Example Sentences: The outcomes are universally true in these cases, making the Zero Conditional …

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Commonly Confused Words

There are a lot of words in English that look or sound the same but have very different meanings, such as accept and except or affect and effect. Here’s a quick-reference list of pairs of words that sometimes cause people problems. Word 1 Meaning Word 2 Meaning accept agree to receive or do; believe except …

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Infinitives

Infinitives in English are the base form of a verb, often preceded by the word “to” (e.g., to eat, to run). They can serve several functions in a sentence: 1. As a Subject: 2. As a Direct Object: 3. As a Subject Complement: 4. As an Adjective: 5. As an Adverb: 6. As Part of …

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